呼吸:電子鼻診斷哮喘
一項(xiàng)最新的研究表明,“電子鼻”某一天將應(yīng)用于哮喘的診斷。
這個(gè)裝置含有化學(xué)氣化感受器,能與人們所呼出氣體中揮發(fā)性有機(jī)成分相互反應(yīng)。“人們所呼出的氣體中含有成千上萬(wàn)的有機(jī)混合成分,這些物質(zhì)可作為診斷肺疾病的標(biāo)記物。”荷蘭Leiden大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心的Silvano Dragonieri博士解釋道。
電子鼻是應(yīng)用于食品、酒類和香水工業(yè)感受裝置進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物。這種裝置也可用于抗擊恐怖主義,探測(cè)到空氣中爆炸性或毒性化學(xué)物質(zhì)。電子鼻通過(guò)已設(shè)定的氣味模式對(duì)氣體產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)。現(xiàn)今發(fā)展的電子鼻可通過(guò)與給定的氣味模式相比較,對(duì)空氣中的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生反應(yīng),得出相應(yīng)的結(jié)果。電子鼻已經(jīng)可以診斷呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病如,肺炎。通過(guò)與該病病人呼氣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式相比較就可診斷測(cè)試者是否真正患有此病。有研究表明這個(gè)工具也可用來(lái)診斷肺癌。在最新的研究中,科學(xué)家通過(guò)對(duì)20例已確診的哮喘病人(其中一半是嚴(yán)重的哮喘患者,一半發(fā)病程度中等)和20例非哮喘檢測(cè)者作對(duì)比,檢測(cè)此裝置診斷的重要性。研究表明這個(gè)裝置能確定受檢者是否患有哮喘但在確定其患病程度方面欠準(zhǔn)確性。
下一步就要檢測(cè)此裝置是否能診斷新發(fā)哮喘病人。此儀器在使用時(shí)仍存在波動(dòng)。未來(lái),不同的電子鼻將診斷更多的特異性疾病。
來(lái)源:American Thoracic Society (ATS)
Breath: Electronic Nose Diagnosed Asthma Patients
An “electronic nose” may one day be used to diagnose asthma, say researchers who presented a preliminary study of a new device.
The device contains chemical vapour sensors that react to the presence of volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, in a person’s exhaled breath. “A person’s breath contains a mixture of thousands of VOCs that may be used as markers of lung disease,” hopes researcher Silvano
Dragonieri, M.D., of Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands. The electronic nose is a further developed version of a
sensor that has been used in the food, wine and perfume industries. It is also being used as an aid against terrorism, to sniff out
explosives or toxic chemicals in the air. An electronic nose responds to a given odour by generating a pattern, or “smell print,”
which is analysed and compared with stored patterns. An electronic nose has been developed that can diagnose respiratory
infections such as pneumonia by comparing smell prints from the breath of a sick patient with those of patients with standardized readings. It is also being studied as a diagnostic tool for lung cancer.
In the new study, the researchers compared the “smell prints” of 20 people with diagnosed asthma, half with severe asthma and half with mild disease, and 20 people without asthma to see if the electronic nose could classify them as asthmatic or non-asthmatic. The subjects breathed into a face mask attached to a bag connected to the electronic nose. The nose was able to detect
which smell prints came from people with asthma, but was less accurate in classifying how severe a person’s asthma was.
“The asthmatic patients in this study already had been diagnosed with asthma,” Dragonieri says. “The next step is to see
whether the nose can diagnose new patients with asthma. It’s still a futuristic device - one day different electronic noses may be built to detect specific diseases.”
MEDICA.de; Source: American Thoracic Society (ATS)