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首頁 > 美迪醫(yī)訊 > 微-影像技術(shù)可揭示大腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò) |
微-影像技術(shù)可揭示大腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 【?2007-06-05 發(fā)布?】 美迪醫(yī)訊
科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種全新的影像技術(shù),稱為超顯微鏡技術(shù)。這種技術(shù)結(jié)合了兩種早期技術(shù)使得科學(xué)家能在顯微鏡水平觀察整個(gè)大腦。 現(xiàn)在還沒有任何技術(shù)能在不破壞大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上使整個(gè)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)成像。雖然CT和MRI(核磁共振)技術(shù)已應(yīng)用于這個(gè)方面,但是兩者都不能解決在細(xì)胞水平觀測更細(xì)微粒的問題。 通過顯微鏡成像把大腦分成許多部分是一個(gè)合理的解決方案。通過多方位切片可獲得三維圖像。 德國精神病學(xué)專家Hans-Ulrich Dodt博士和他的工作組,試圖得到某種能反映整個(gè)小鼠大腦神經(jīng)細(xì)胞相互連接圖像的方法。此方法刊登于自然方法學(xué)雜志2007年4月刊。 此方法的原理是大腦在一種特殊的油性基質(zhì)中變得透明。組織只有在激光的激發(fā)下才能發(fā)光。下一步,通過計(jì)算機(jī)獲得所有視覺可見的大腦各個(gè)部位的圖像并最終重建一個(gè)三維結(jié)構(gòu)。此技術(shù)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能通過顯微鏡方法獲得大體標(biāo)本的顯像,而這對(duì)于過去來說是不可能的。 按照Dodt博士的說法,超顯微鏡技術(shù)與共聚焦顯微鏡技術(shù)相比具有更大的應(yīng)用前景。一項(xiàng)可能的應(yīng)用是檢測老年癡呆鼠的大腦。目前為止,常用勞動(dòng)-密集的方法---組織學(xué)方法檢測藥物對(duì)該病的作用。通過超顯微鏡技術(shù)達(dá)到同樣的目的在一小時(shí)內(nèi)就能完成。所以,這將是一個(gè)大跨步,因?yàn)檫€存在許多其他神經(jīng)疾病并且經(jīng)過某種治療后可通過三維成像觀察。 科學(xué)家試圖獲得小鼠胚胎和成年鼠大腦的掃描圖像。他們正試圖獲得更多關(guān)于哺乳動(dòng)物大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí),以及其在發(fā)育過程中的變化。這不僅可以獲知哺乳動(dòng)物大腦發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵因素,而且能獲得神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否在疾病狀態(tài)下改變的知識(shí)。 來源:medinews.com Micro-Imaging Technique Reveals Brain Neuronal Networks Scientists have created a new imaging method called ultramicroscopy by combining two older techniques in order for researchers to view the entire brain at a microscopic level. There is currently no technique available that images the entire neuronal network in an intact brain. Although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are utilized for this purpose, they do not have a cellular level resolution to reveal the micro details. Brain sectioning for microscopic imaging is a better alternative, obtaining three-dimensional (3D) images for all the multiple slices, but it is a laborious task and is highly prone for distortions. Dr. Hans-Ulrich Dodt and colleagues, formerly at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Munich, Germany) and now at the Vienna University of Technology (Austria), reportedm that their goal was to have a method that will ultimately image all nerve cells with all their connections in the whole mouse brain. The method was published in the April 2007 issue of the journal Nature Methods. The principle behind the method is that the brain is made translucent by putting in special oil medium, similar to a drop of oil on a paper, which makes it translucent. The organ is then illuminated only in one plane from the side with a laser. The next step involves gathering all the optical sections by a computer and finally obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The technique抯 unique benefit is that it can be used to image large macroscopic specimens with microscopic resolution, which was not possible before. According to Dr. Dodt, ultramicroscopy has even a wider range of applications than confocal microscopy, and therefore, the impact will be enormous. One possible application of the technique is investigation of Alzheimer抯 disease (AD) brains of mice. Up to now, the industry used a very labor-intensive standard--the histology to test a new Alzheimer drug on AD-modified mice. With ultramicroscopy, it should be possible to accomplish the same in one hour. Thus, it should have a big impact, as there are also other neurologic diseases and their treatment that can be investigated in 3D. The researchers are planning to obtain brain scans of both mouse embryos and adult mice. They hope to gain better knowledge about how mammalian brain networks change during development and learning. This could not only give key insights about how mammalian brains evolve over time but also about how information networks are affected or altered in disease states. 本文關(guān)鍵字:
微-影像技術(shù) 超顯微鏡技術(shù)
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