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首頁(yè) > 美迪醫(yī)訊 > 病人焦慮的產(chǎn)生與大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)不同有關(guān) |
病人焦慮的產(chǎn)生與大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)不同有關(guān) 【?2007-06-06 發(fā)布?】 美迪醫(yī)訊
最近一項(xiàng)關(guān)于影像方面的研究揭示了大腦一小區(qū)域解剖結(jié)構(gòu)的不同可以解釋為什么同樣的刺激對(duì)某些個(gè)體來(lái)說(shuō)能刺激焦慮而對(duì)另 一些人來(lái)說(shuō)不能。 按照西班牙兩所大學(xué)以及Eresa公司聯(lián)合完成的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告,人腦的激發(fā)可根據(jù)某些機(jī)制發(fā)生,使得某些人比另一些人在同等 情況下更容易焦慮。患有焦慮的病人,臉上可因特殊的刺激表現(xiàn)出不合適的表情。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在神經(jīng)影像期刊2007年6月號(hào)。 這些患有焦慮癥的病人可由于害怕表現(xiàn)出比正常人更加的焦躁不安或不能處理他們認(rèn)為重要的事。因此,這些病人不能再緊張的 條件下做出正確的反應(yīng)。隨后會(huì)導(dǎo)致行為波動(dòng),一些相關(guān)的壓抑癥狀便出現(xiàn)了。 焦慮產(chǎn)生的過(guò)程中對(duì)沒(méi)有成就感或甚至是懲罰產(chǎn)生不恰當(dāng)?shù)母杏X。這些西班牙科學(xué)家通過(guò)核磁共振掃描所發(fā)現(xiàn)的是當(dāng)受到反向的 刺激時(shí),焦慮病人大腦中所謂的行為抑制系統(tǒng)(BIS)過(guò)度活躍。 此項(xiàng)研究焦慮的神經(jīng)生理模型通過(guò)以缺乏鼓勵(lì)甚至是懲罰的形式刺激正常情況下的BIS;先天對(duì)恐懼的刺激是那些不需要經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn) 識(shí)就能產(chǎn)生的的刺激。 大腦中與BIS相關(guān)的區(qū)域是大腦的杏仁核系統(tǒng)。因此,這些容易焦慮的病人在刺激(懲罰或缺乏鼓勵(lì))下臉部會(huì)表現(xiàn)出不合適的 反應(yīng)。一旦出現(xiàn)表情的異常,就可對(duì)大腦相關(guān)區(qū)域進(jìn)行檢測(cè),驗(yàn)證是否存在什么敏感的機(jī)制。 這個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)63名受檢者進(jìn)行了敏感性試驗(yàn)和核磁共振檢測(cè),對(duì)不同大腦結(jié)構(gòu)中的灰色部分進(jìn)行了定量。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在右大腦杏仁核中有大量灰色區(qū)域的個(gè)體在測(cè)試中得分較高。 來(lái)源:medinews.com Brain Anatomy Differences Predispose Patients to Anxiety Disorders An imaging study has revealed the existence of a different anatomy in small regions of the brain, which could help explain why the same stimulus triggers anxiety in some individuals and not in others. According to the study抯 investigators, from the Universitat Jaume I. of Castell髇 (UJI; Castell?de la Plana; Spain), the Universitat Aut騨oma of Barcelona (UAB; Spain), and the company Eresa (Valencia, Spain), some individuals?brain act via a mechanism that makes them more apt to suffer and give in to anxiety more than other brains when confronted with identical situations. In patients with anxiety disorders, an excessive activation in the face of specific stimuli exists, setting off a disproportionate response to experiences subjectively understood to be tense, stressful, or dangerous. The study was published in the June 2007 issue of the journal NeuroImage. These individuals?anxiety would be determined by their excessive activation of fear or their inability to tackle the needs that they consider important. Therefore, it would be difficult for them to react to a situation of tension or stress, and this would consequently trigger a feeling of frustration; thus, the frequent relation of complaints of a depressive nature arises. A disproportionate feeling of lack of reward, or even punishment, is produced during anxiety disorders. What these Spanish scientists have discovered through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning is that an excessive activation of the so-called behavioral inhibition system (BIS) exists in this type of patients when confronted with adverse stimuli. The basis of the neuropsychologic model of anxiety proposed by the present-day psychology thought is that the natural existence of BIS is triggered by stimuli in the form of punishment or lack of reward; innate stimuli of fear in which specific stimuli are experienced as a threat without the need for learning. The brain regions involved in the anatomic substrate of BIS are the cerebral amygdala and the septohippocampal system. Therefore, this altered response of anxiety and hyperactivity in patients who are predisposed to suffer anxiety in the face of such stimuli (punishment or lack of reward) can be measured with its incidence on these encephalic areas while patients undergo a test of sensitivity to mechanisms of reward or punishment. A team of researchers at UJI and UAB in collaboration with Eresa, an image diagnosis company, has carried out a study with 63 individuals who were subjected to the sensitivity test and an fMRI study, which quantified the volume of gray matter in the different encephalic structures. The study revealed that a greater volume of gray encephalic matter exists in the brain areas of the right parahippocampus, the right cerebral amygdala, and the left anterior parahippocampus of some individuals who went on to obtain higher scores in the test. This coincides with some anatomic regions that are triggered when confronted with punishment or reward stimuli. 本文關(guān)鍵字:
焦慮 大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)
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