使用一種質(zhì)量提高系統(tǒng)能夠提醒醫(yī)生注意肺炎患者的治療指南，從而可以提高整體醫(yī)療質(zhì)量并降低不必要的住院治療。

這是由匹茲堡大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院(Pittsburgh , PA, USA)和匹茲堡VA醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展的一項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果。這些研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在2005年12月的《內(nèi)科學(xué)年報(bào)》。

這項(xiàng)研究設(shè)計(jì)了32家醫(yī)院急診科的3,200多例診斷為肺炎的患者，這些患者由于肺炎而出現(xiàn)了各種不良預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)。所有參見(jiàn)研究的急診科同意遵循統(tǒng)一的治療指南，該指南是根據(jù)美國(guó)肺炎治療專(zhuān)家的意見(jiàn)而制定的。

這些急診科被隨機(jī)分配為低強(qiáng)度、中等強(qiáng)度或者高強(qiáng)度機(jī)構(gòu)，--這些名稱(chēng)反應(yīng)了各家急診科采取的反饋、加強(qiáng)和持續(xù)的質(zhì)量提高的水平和強(qiáng)度。

據(jù)估計(jì)僅僅在美國(guó)每年大約有5百萬(wàn)例患者被診斷為肺炎，但是盡管這種疾病發(fā)病率較高，醫(yī)生經(jīng)常高估了患者的死亡率，從而導(dǎo)致不必要而且費(fèi)用昂貴的住院治療。

Reducing Pneumonia Hospitalizations
 
Implementation of a quality-improvement system reminds physicians of treatment guidelines for pneumonia patients, which leads to better overall care and fewer unnecessary hospitalizations.

These were the conclusions of a study conducted by investigators from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Pittsburgh , PA, USA) and the Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System. The findings were published in the December 2005 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.

The study involved 32 hospital emergency departments and more than 3,200 patients diagnosed with pneumonia who posed varying risks of adverse outcomes from the disease. All participating emergency departments agreed to follow uniform practice guidelines, which were based on expert consensus of U.S. experts in pneumonia care.

The emergency departments were randomly assigned as low-intensity, moderate-intensity or high-intensity sites--designations reflecting the level and intensity of feedback, reinforcement, and continuous quality improvement activities that each emergency department would carry out relevant to its pneumonia patients.

An estimated 5 million pneumonia cases are diagnosed each year in the United States alone, but despite its prevalence, physicians frequently overestimate the probability of death in many pneumonia patients, leading to potentially unnecessary and costly hospitalizations.